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Contents • • • • • • • • Post office [ ] Chettalli has a post office and the pin code is 571248. The telephone code of the village is 08276. CHES, Chettalli [ ] maintains a Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES) at Chettalli. It is the largest facility of its kind in Asia and a lot of research work is being done here. The station works on the madate crop of out of an area of 92 hectares in. The other crops of interest are and and minor fruits like,,,,, Malayan apple. The station is also involved in the floricultural of,,.

Coffee Research Station [ ] Chettalli has one coffee research center concentrating on the cultivation and diseases of coffee. Administration [ ] Chettalli is administered as part of in. Tourism [ ] Chettali attracts many visitors because of the undulating nature of the hills. The altitude is 609 meters above sea level. Cherala Bhagavathy Temple is also very popular. Demographics [ ] The people in Chettalli speak,.

See also [ ] • • • • References [ ]. Urok v 9 klasse pushkin besi.

The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinase produced by a new isolated Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 strain. The keratinase produced by the isolate was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-Sepharose chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 30.5 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The optimum pH at 50 °C was 8.5 and the optimum temperature at pH 8.5 was 55 °C. The keratinase was partially inactivated by some metal ions, organic solvents and serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) had positive effect on the keratinase activity.

Reducing agents including dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, sodium sulphite, as well as chemicals of SDS, ammonium sulfamate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) stimulated the enzyme activity upon a feather meal substrate. Besides feather keratin, the enzyme is active upon the soluble proteins ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein and insoluble ones as sheep wool and human hair. Calf hair, silk and collagen could not be hydrolyzed by the keratinase. Bacteria and growth conditions Strain KD-N2 was screened from a local poultry plant and kept in our laboratory (Cai et al., ). The medium (pH 7.2) used for keratinase production contained the following constituents (g/L): NaCl 0.5, KH 2PO 4 0.7, K 2HPO 4 1.4, MgSO 4 0.1 and feathers 10.

Cultivation was performed using 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml medium for 24 h at 28 °C with constant shaking at 200 r/min. As inocula, 5% (v/v) bacteria grew in Luria-Bertani broth [peptone 1% (w/v), yeast extract 0.3% (w/v) and NaCl 0.5% (w/v), pH 7.2] for 20 h. Culture supernatants obtained after centrifugation at 8000× g for 20 min were used for further study. Assay of keratinase activity Keratin azure (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was used as the substrate. It was first frozen at −20 °C and then ground into a fine powder. The 5 mg keratin azure powder was suspended in 1 ml 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0).